Kwisahluko sesibini bulgarian lama- ye-II omnye Var
Yesibini inxalenye eli nqaku umele ukunika ingxelo imvelaphi ye-acquisition impahla evela umntu hayiApha uvavanyo scheme kuba Amavandlakanya, wena ekugqibeleni ufikelele yokugqibela khangela incopho kwaye mhlawumbi umnini - transferor okanye yakhe ilungelo ukulahlwa kufuneka ibe waphendula kwi-thabatha, kukho u-namathuba, indlela transition ubunini kwi-affirmative, nangona kunjalo, qiniseka uyakwazi: § BGB okanye §§ FF ye-BGB isicelo. Icandelo le- ye-isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi ngu ezahlukeneyo kwi-umda we-aplikeshini ye-ezintathu iqela leenkwenkwezi. Ngokunxulumene § ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, non-ngokuzalwa nokutya kwi-umnini - transferor ke, ipropati, ngaphandle kokuba oko sele zinikwe imvume yayo. Phantsi imvume uya ndaqonda ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § §, ye-BGB, kufunyanwe imvume.
Icandelo le- ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, engages yithi rhoqo kwi-iimeko i kakhulu njalo afanelekileyo eyandisiweyo kuya ka-isihloko.
Apha trader buys K ukusuka dealer V Izinto ngokulawulwa kuya ka-isihloko. Ukuba abe ukuze baxhase amashishini kunye, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, intlawulo ukuthenga ixabiso, umele ukwazi ezaye, nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi ngalo. Ke ngoko, V unika imvume yayo kwi-ukuthengisa Impahla yi-K yalo abathengi.
Oku kwenzeka kwiindawo babuyele kuye kwi-uthengise ngokutsha yokuthenga ixabiso namabango-V, kwaye icandelo ye-BGB.
BGB, yintando Hayi legitimate retroactively esebenzayo, ngaphandle kokuba umnini lilo eliya kuphumeza oku, icandelo ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Ezona ngokufanayo sebenzisa meko ngumnqweno kuba proceeds ka-isipho yi owner, ukuba i-non-unelungelo lokuba ingaba zilahliwe umcimbi ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Ngenxa ngokunxulumene (rhoqo naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo) igunya wanika abe imfuneko ukusuka umntu hayi kwenzeka, ukuthenga ixabiso ngokungqinelana necandelo lama- ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Ngokunxulumene prevailing imboniselo, ukuvunywa libhekisa kuphela ngokusemthethweni zoko ka - § mna zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi kwi ibango kwi-Proceeds ka-ukupapashwa. Ngoba, ngenye indlela, i-non-wagunyazisa retroactively kwi-creditor kwaye ibango phantsi § ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi izakuba ongenanto. Ngokunxulumene icandelo ye-II omnye Var. BGB, eks ngoku kwi ukusebenza, ngaphandle kokuba i-non-unelungelo lokuba acquires i-zithengiswe injongo kamva, okanye Legitimate indlalifa. Absolutely exam kulungiselelo bona fide acquisition impahla evela umntu hayi kuyo yonke intshona.
Izibonelelo §§ FF ye-BGB, intended ngokukodwa kuba traffic umyalelo wokhuselo.
Ngenxa yokuba acquirer ingaba hayi yithi rhoqo uhlole iimeko a enobunzima imisebenzi imbali, kwaye kufuneka bakwazi rely kwi yokuba i-weempahla equlethwe kulo nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa kanjalo umnini. Oku ukukholosa ye-acquirer kufuneka, nangona kunjalo, tie yona a ezikhoyo ticket mphathi. Lo ulawulo ye-ilungelelaniswe ngokungqinelana § BGB, presumption Ubunini. Yonke imiqathango ye-acquisition msitho, ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § isivakalisi BGB, kuphela imvume ngu ukuphika Lokuqala imeko kuba applicability ka - § § FF ye-BGB, ubukho be a lezothutho ishishini. Njengoko enjalo, ngamnye intengiselwano ukuba baqonde, ngomhla yokuthenga iphepha ubuncinane Umntu ayiyo obandakanyekayo, obandakanyekayo kwi nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa icala.
I-amalungiselelo sele ukuba kwenziwa ngokunxulumene i-kwezoqoqosho indlela.
Kuyinto statutory acquisition impahla, yizani izibonelelo §§ FF ye-BGB ayikho mbasa. Ibaluleke kakhulu yokuba zilawulwe yindlela elungileyo ukholo ye-acquirer.
Oku kufuneka ukuba ibe ekhuselekileyo kuba dominated
Oku ulahlekile, ngokunxulumene isemthethweni inkcazelo § II se-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, ukuba transferee uyayazi okanye, ngenxa epheleleyo ukungakhathali, sele uyazi ukuba transferor ngumnini le nto.
Ukususela isemthethweni formulation kulandela ukuba okulungileyo Ukholo ke presumed, njengoko ixesha elide njengoko akukho ephikisana ubungqina ngu apparent. Ezilungileyo Ukholo kufuneka basondelelane ukuba ipropati le transferor. Ayikho ukutya, nangona kunjalo, ukuba acquirer thinks kuphela ukuba yena linelungelo ukuba alahle nomcimbi mba. Ezilungileyo ukholo ye-acquirer kufuneka sihlale de ugqibo ye-acquisition impahla. Zithengiswe into ngoko ke, umzekelo, phantsi kuya ka-isihloko (suspensive imeko epheleleyo intlawulo ukuthenga kwexabiso), bona fide acquisition akunakwenzeka, ukuba acquirer learns kwesi sithuba ukuba transferor akanguye umnini izinto. Ekugqibeleni, le nto kufuneka ingabi kulahleka ukuba transferor, § ye-BGB. Kubalulekile ukuba abe assumed ukuba acquirer sele ophe ulawulo ngaphandle intando yakhe. Ingaba ezikhuselweyo kuphela involuntary ilahleko ethe ngqo ulawulo. Ilahleko, ke ngoko, ukuba enze, ukuba ulawulo isicaka into kuthengiswe ngam, okanye esinikwe kude, ngenxa yokuba ngqo umnini ngumnini.
I-ulawulo lwazo intermediary kuthengiswe ngam, nangona kunjalo, nto separates a ilahleko ye-ngumnini kuphela ngokungathanga ngqo-owned.
Oku iziphumo ukusuka reversal ka - § ndinamacala amabini zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. § II se-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi regulates i-okukodwa, kwi bona fide ukuthenga, nangona kukho le Lahleko ngu kunokwenzeka: ukuba ithengiswe into imali okanye sikhundla wendibano ngemali okanye acquisition kwenzeka kwimeko woluntu auction pursuant ukuba unguye. § III BGB (hayi ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ingaba auction endleleni ukunyanzeliswa iingxoxo phantsi §§ et i-seq. ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi.). I-bona fide acquisition ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § § p, mna, ababini zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi imisela okokuqala, isebenza inkcazelo § isivakalisi, BGB, ukuqhubela phambili Iyafumaneka kwi-non-existent imvume. Ukongeza, acquirer kufuneka kanjalo kubekho elungileyo ukholo ngaphakathi intsingiselo § ndinesibini ye-BGB, kwaye nto kufuneka ingabi kulahleka ukuba transferor. I-ezongezelelweyo imeko kukuba transferee sele acquired ulawulo ngqo kwi transferor (kwimeko § isivakalisi, BGB, acquirer sele kwi-ulawulo le nto, kwanele yedwa, isivumelwano zamaqela). Ngenxa kuphela ngale ndlela, kuyimfuneko ukutyibilika mphathi (§ ye-isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi.), apho justifies malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-acquisition elungileyo ukholo. Kufunwa yi-ukongeza kwi-ukona ka - § § p, BGB (auth.), ezilungileyo Nokholo yinxalenye acquirer kunye nokungabikho ilahleko, ukuba Ukuhanjiswa izinto yi-transferor. I-acquirer kufuneka ngexesha Kweenkonzo ingu elungileyo ukholo, mere okulungileyo ukholo ngexesha lesi sivumelwano okanye kwimeko isivumelwano ye-ulawulo mediation budlelwane, asiyiyo ngokwaneleyo. Yokuqala ka-bulgarian § usebenza kwi-msitho ukuba transferor ngqo ngumnini-nto. Apha okulungileyo Ukholo ye-acquirer ngexesha ubukho buka-ukuthobela iimfuno §§ p, ye-isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi (yogunyaziso).
Into ibe weza umnini hayi ezilahlekileyo.
I-acquirer, emva ugqibo ye-ukunikezelwa, kodwa phambi ithatha ulawulo ngqo kwi umyalelo ukholo, lento harmless. Bulgarian ka - § BGB, purchaser, hayi ngqo umnini. Ke ngoko, zonke ulwalamano ngu ngaphandle Ulawulo ingaba ibango ukuba awukwazanga inikezelwe. Kukho i-alleged ibango, okanye ukuba enjalo tort okanye enrichment umthetho. Kule iqela leenkwenkwezi, acquirer kufuneka end kwi-ulawulo lomthetho ulawulo kowesithathu mna-inzuzo, kwaye kweli xesha kanjalo elungileyo ukholo. Apha - emva engalunganga ukholo ye Purchaser emva kokuba unikezelo kwaye Ulawulo ezinjalo afanelekileyo. Ezinye iimfuno musa ziyahluka kolu khetho. I-enobunzima, ezahlukeneyo intshona le § ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, apho regulates i-bona fide ukufaka-free acquisition. I-transferee acquires nomcimbi-umcimbi ngaphandle na adverse amalungelo abantu amaqela, ezifana ekhoyo lien. § BGB isetyenziselwa bobabini kuba acquisition yi-holder, ngokunjalo kuba acquisition ukusuka umntu na isicelo. Iimeko, nangona kunjalo, differ. Kuyinto ukuthenga, yoqobo umnini ingaba acquisition ka-iinyaniso kuqala, ngokunxulumene §§ - BGB thorough khangela. Ngaphaya koko, purchaser kufuneka ngokomthetho ukufaka wenkululeko mba elungileyo ukholo, § -II se-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Ingcamango elungileyo ukholo corresponds ukuba icandelo II, oko kukuthi, lowo kufuneka ingabi uyazi, okanye grossly negligent disregard yokuba le nto encumbered kunye ilungelo umntu wesithathu. Kunjalo babe ilungelo-holder njengoko kunjalo nge § ye-BGB hayi ayikho. Unikezelo ubunini ngomatshini ngokunxulumene § isivakalisi BGB, kwi-affirmative, ukufaka-free yokuthenga. Kwi-iimeko §§ p, kwaye ye-isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, isemthethweni isiqinisekiso iinyaniso ezifunekayo, apho corresponds kwi - bona fide ipropati acquisition. e, kwimeko §§ p. kwaye BGB, acquirer sele ukuba umnini yi-transferor ka-erlangen.
Kwimeko § BGB, lowo unelungelo ulawulo ukususela ulawulo lwazo wesithathu.
Elula njalo - acquisition ukusuka umntu hayi. Apha sele aqwalasela kwi-sikhokelo somgaqo-zincwadi we-acquisition impahla, kufuneka ilungelo-ukutyibilika isiganeko (umntu ipropati acquisition), kwaye ukuba into ayiyo ezilahlekileyo.
Ke ngoko, emva njalo - § BGB ngu limited umbuzo nokuba i-bona fide acquirer kanjalo ngokomthetho mthwalo wenkululeko elungileyo Ukholo.
Ukuba qaphela, balaseleyo, ulungiselelo § III ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Emva koko, i-boolean, kwimeko Ukukhutshelwa ubunini ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § § p, BGB, ilungelo umntu wesithathu hayi, ukuba ukho omnye othe into kwi-ulawulo. Ngenxa apha kuba acquirer, kulula ukubona ukuba into ibe encumbered kunye Amalungelo abantu amaqela ukuba kunzima nkqu nokuba kuyo. Kunokuthi kanjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba Idwaalkraal linelungelo, kodwa ingaba wakhe igunya phezu mba ngu limited. Classic iimeko kukho iimeko insolvency (icandelo le- we-Insolvency act), amalungiselelo uphumezo a uza (§ BGB) okanye isizalwane ukulahlwa prohibitions ngokunxulumene § §, isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Apha, § § et i-seq.
le isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, umz nokungabikho ezikhoyo amandla kusenokuba koyisa yi-okulungileyo Ukholo ye-acquirer.
Ezinye meko HGB kule meko,§. Ngokunxulumene § mna - HGB, § § FF ye-BGB bamele kusetyenziswa kuzo, ukuba i-merchant kuthengiswe ngam kulo msebenzi wakhe ishishini kuye, hayi enxulumene iimboniselo. Ezi zezinye ezizodwa kwi - Umthetho-siseko, elo §§ FF ye-BGB ngqo, kuphela okulungileyo Ukholo ayikho ezikhuselweyo e umnini indawo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba amandla nokungcwatywa.
