I-uphengululo wenziwe ukuba oko kuyasebenza apha ukususela
Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza kwi-zasekuhlaleni umthetho ngomoya indawo ephelela kuyo ka-ethile ngokwe xesha, ngenxa kwi-ilahleko malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-ekhoyo ibango ukuba enforceKwi-wonke umthetho, Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza yithi rhoqo kukhokelela i-kupheliswa ka-ibango. Yolwaphulo-Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza yi procedural obstacle, oko kukuthi, Offense awunakuba kuba prosecuted, ngokunxulumene meko of administrative offences.
Ukuba abe elibalulekileyo ukususela Statute ka-kwemida ngu oku lufana forfeiture.
Kuphela substantive amabango ingaba ngokulawulwa Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba ngabo contractual okanye esemthethweni, pecuniary okanye non-pecuniary indalo. omnye kwemida, nangona kunjalo, ayifakwanga kuba ezinye amabango ngokusemthethweni, ibaluleke kakhulu, ezithile usapho umthetho amabango, owenz utshintsho kumgaqo-amabango ngokuchasene-wonke kubhalisa (umz ilizwe register), imbambano namabango uluntu (ezifana lemveli zoluntu), ebhalisiweyo amalungelo, ilungelo ulawulo, ngokunjalo ngokungqinelana § ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, ezinye wayalela isemthethweni amalungelo ingaba. Hayi le kwemida, ingaba phantsi izivumelwano kwabo, kuquka elide izibophelelo, uyilo amalungelo elililo amalungelo. Lo mlinganiselo izibonelelo isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi (§§ et i-seq. le isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi) ababebizwa senziwa utshintsho i-isijamani umthetho ukuba modernise umthetho izibophelelo ("ityala komhlaba umthetho"). Ngoko ke umthetho waba shortened kwemida ixesha amathathu eminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu ulwandiso kwaye entsha ekuqaleni (kwangoko yaphula) ingaba ngokutsha regulated. Kubalulekile iimeko deviating deadlines (zombini i-yi-ubude kwemida xesha njengoko ukususela ekuqalekeni efanayo):"rhoqo kwemida ixesha iqala, ngaphandle kokuba okunye Kwemida ixesha izimisele, kunye end lonyaka apho ibango waphakama (§ Abs. omnye akukho enye BGB) kwaye creditors ka-justifying ibango iimeko kwaye Umntu we-debtor ke ulwazi, okanye ngaphandle epheleleyo ukungakhathali§ Abs kuya kufuneka ukuba ibe wazuza (. omnye akukho ababini zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi)."ezintathu"ibango, ukuba oko kungenziwa ngendlela ye-ibango. Oku kufuna, kwi-siseko, maturity of ibango, ukususela kuphela ukuzothi ga (§ Isiqendu. omnye BGB) creditor kunye impumelelo yokusebenza kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, liphele kwemida ixesha ngokufowunela ukwenza intshukumo phantsi tie ingayalela". ezine Ngokunxulumene § Isiqendu. omnye BGB ingaba besiya ngexesha abanye incopho ngonyaka opposite ekuqalekeni Ixesha kube sekupheleni zahlukeneyo nyaka. Ekuqalekeni Xesha ke postponed ekupheleni konyaka, apho zonke ezinye iimfuno kuyahlangatyezwana nazo okokuqala.
Oku sele ikakhulu isebenziseke izizathu kwaye waba sele Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza phantsi ubudala umthetho, kuba amabango ngokunxulumene §§, BGB a.
the end of the kwemida kwakufuneka kwi-umthetho izibophelelo komhlaba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isemthethweni khondo lobungcali-mfundo lilonke.
Ibango, ke ngoko, ukuya kwi.
Disemba kunyaka ngamnye, unmarried kwaye ukusuka kwi.
Ngojanuwari zilandelayo kunyaka: ixesha-barred. Ngeli xesha kubhekiswa kuwo njengoko isiphelo lo mlinganiselo xesha. (§ isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi uya isicelo wokuphelelwa kwemida amathuba isicelo. zintlanu we- Ziphantsi. Ngodisemba kwenzeka kwi icawe okanye iholide kawonke-wonke okanye kwi umgqibelo,"kwindawo enjalo ngemini elandelayo ishishini imini"(§ BGB). Kwi-ukuchazwa §, Isiqendu. omnye akukho ababini zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, jurisprudence ye-Federal inkundla unako (BGH) kusetyenziswa § ye-BGB a. nesithandathu"kufuneka oko kukuthi ukutya ulwazi Umntu we-debtor, Ngokubanzi, ukuba creditor ye-ukuvulwa isenzo ekufuneka ethembisa, nangona hayi free umngcipheko, kunokwenzeka". ezisixhenxe"Grossly negligent ignorance ikhona, ukuba creditor le qaphela ulahlekile, ngenxa yokuba kunyhasha ezifunekayo care kule unusually ekunene imilinganiso kananjalo iselwa obvious Considerations, okanye aqwalasela othe kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ngamnye obvious". ishumi"unako ignorance. kwi-umntu iimeko, kwimeko akaqinisekanga kwaye doubtful isemthethweni imeko, Prescription ixesha uqalisa umgca.
I-uxolelwaniso ka-ulungiselelo phantsi inqaku § EGBGB
Kule meko, kukho nokungabikho nokuvavanya lonke nikezelo i-isikhalazo njengoko emnqamlezweni-ukusika prerequisite kuba ukuvulwa lo Mlinganiselo xesha". elinanye A hardship unakho ngokunjalo zikho ukuba ifemi ngu ephikisana meko umthetho lesiqu inkundla (umz. Oku ukuya kwi -"ixesha","departure ukuba ulindele yangoku Supreme inkundla meko umthetho".
elinesibini"sisiqalo kwemida ixesha phantsi §, Isiqendu.
omnye BGB, iimeko akaqinisekanga kwaye doubtful isemthethweni imeko, baqhuba kakuhle kakhulu, ngenxa isemthethweni ignorance ye-creditor, ukongeza pushed, kwemida ixesha liqala nge injongo clarification ye-isemthethweni imeko. Kwi ulwazi okanye grossly negligent ignorance ye-creditor ukususela kweli clarification akuvumelekanga"zine -ishumi. I-inhibition: Kuba ixesha le-inhibition ye-inkqubo ye-Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngu isantya, emva elimination of the inhibiting thabatha, intsalela ixesha (§ BGB). Ulwandiso ka-wokuphelelwa kwimeko non-ngokupheleleyo-linalo igunya ngaphandle isemthethweni ummeli (§ BGB) ngokunjalo kuzo probate iimeko (§ BGB). Elililo Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza:"naliphi na ityala", ngaphandle kwesigqibo kuba kokuhluma kwaye ulwazi, kuba Statute-barred ngokunxulumene § Isiqendu. BGB kwi amathathu eminyaka, amabango umonakalo othe ngenxa injury wobomi, umzimba, impilo okanye inkululeko yomntu evela Kwikomishoni mthetho, breach ye rhafu okanye omnye umonakalo-ebangela msitho. Omnye umonakalo imbuyekezo amabango kuba ixesha-barred yabo ulwazi njalo-njalo. kwi-iminyaka elishumi ukusuka zabo ukumiselwa kwebandla, ngaphandle kwesigqibo kuba kokuhluma kwaye ulwazi, njalo-njalo. kowamashumi amathathu eminyaka sehlo ebangela umonakalo wazo. Significantly, ngaphambi koko deadline (§ Abs. Amabango engelilo amabango umonakalo othe kuba ixesha-barred yabo ulwazi njalo-njalo. kwi-ishumi leminyaka yabo ukumiselwa kwebandla (§ Abs. zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi). Lo mthwalo ka-ubungqina, Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza eqala nindivavanye, hayi iyaguquka yi-mere ixesha otyebileyo. elinesihlanu izivumelwano kwi kwemida ixesha (qwalasela ukwenza mfutshane okanye ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano statutory ixesha imida) luvumeleke. Kwimeko eyimali ngenxa locwangciso pursuant ukuba § Isiqendu. BGB, kwemida ixesha abangayi kuba ishunqulwe kwangaphambili ngabo isemthethweni intengiselwano. Inadmissible, kubalulekile kananjalo ukuba uyavuma kwi ende kwemida xesha kune amathathu eminyaka (§ Isiqendu.
zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi).
Jikelele Imimiselo Nemiqathango kukho reduction kwi-bans kuba ezithile amathuba kwemida ngexesha lokuthenga, kwaye isivumelwano kuba umsebenzi (§ No.
ff) elinesithandathu ye-BGB).
I-tendering kwaye Isivumelwano nemigaqo-nkqubo kuba imisebenzi yokwakha, icandelo B (VOB-B) unako, nangona kunjalo, ibe wavuma.
Emva koko, shorter kwemida amathuba (§ No.
VOB B) uya kusebenza.
Ukuthenga ka-consumer izinto, qwalasela ukwenza mfutshane ye-kwemida ixesha amabango Defects ngunokontraka phezulu ukuya kunyaka entolongweni (§ Ingcambu ngu kuba kusetyenziswa izinto. zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi).
I-debtor efumana (osisigxina) ilungelo walile Yokusebenza,"Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza"(§ BGB).
I-objection kuthetha ukuba, ukuba Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza ayikho kuthathelwe ingqalelo ex officio, kodwa yi-debtor kufuneka ezenziwe sesi sibini.
Lo mlinganiselo akusebenzi kukhokelela i-downfall ka-ibango. Yena omzimba, kwaye akakwazi amele a isemthethweni isizathu ngayo, nto leyo malunga akunjalo kuba isizathu kwi-uluvo nezibonelelo kwi unjust enrichment, kwaye njalo ignorance ye-kwemida ixesha akayi reclaimed§ (. zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi). Kunye ixesha-barred ibango zibe linganisa, ukuba ebizwa-misela-ngaphandle imeko existed, njengoko ibango akazange kanti Statute-barred (§ ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi). Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ibango kuba ezinye izizathu, umzekelo ngenxa contractual okanye statutory misela-ngaphandle ban, akavumelekanga ukuba abe ongamiselwanga. Ukuba ziyahluka kuhlahlo-kwemida amathuba exclusion amathuba, abanye kubo ayifumaneki kwi statutory imigaqo (umzekelo: isibheno deadline ngenxa deception okanye threat, § BGB), rhoqo ingaba contractually wavuma phezu kwaye, balaseleyo, basebenze umthetho ndinomsebenzi omkhulu ukubaluleka. Rhoqo ezifana exclusion amathuba kuba isemthethweni amabango (kodwa kanjalo kuba amanye amalungelo, kwaye kanjalo ukufumana uyilo amalungelo) kwizivumelwano izivumelwano kwaye bamele kanjalo kuthiwa"indawo ephelela kuyo imihla", umzekelo, ngaphakathi kwinkonzo karhulumente iinyanga ezintandathu, vertical kwi-BAT, TVöD. Xa indawo ephelela kuyo ye Ukusikelwa umda xesha kuphela ilungelo walile Yokusebenza, ukuqwalasela ngoko ke kuphela efanelekileyo objection, iphela ngomhla indawo ephelela kuyo i-exclusion xesha, umthetho ngokwayo, kwaye (kwi-nkqubo nge-umgwebi) kwi eyakhe phulo ukuba qaphela. Exclusion kwaye kwemida amathuba unako ukuza kunye, ngoko ke kufuneka wenze ukuhamba isivumelwano, traveler kwaye ibango lakhe ngu ngenxa utyelele kwi-kubekho enye inyanga emva end ye-uhambo (exclusion ixesha), ibango ixesha ngu-barred kwiminyaka emibini (icandelo le-g ye-BGB). I-iziko ngokusemthethweni ka-immemorial prescription, alifumanisanga sele kwi-BGB, kodwa ngendlela ethile lizwe imigaqo isicelo, sele ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo eyahlukileyo.
Ke ilungelo-ilungelelaniswe uphawu.
I-prosecution kwemida ixesha (§ StGB) ibandakanya sanctioning i ukona phantsi umthetho, regulated ngokwe xesha. Kuyinto procedural obstacle kwenzeka. Inkqubo ivulekile, nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka kubekwa. I-Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza kuba babulala kwaye genocide, kwaba yowe, Ukusikelwa umda we-mpikiswano yabafundi kwi-isijamani Bundestag lixoxiwe, kwaye eyandisiweyo ngowe, arhoxiswe. Ukongeza, kwemida ixesha izimisele ngokunxulumene ukudliwa imali ye-ukona.
I-Ubeko ixesha iqala nge ugqibo ye-Ukona.
Ukuze kuba ixesha-barred offenses, kuxhomekeke umgangatho intlungu a Kakuhle - emva ezintandathu ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu (icandelo lomthetho kwi ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo offences). Kuba traffic offences, kwaye Isiqendu endaweni ngonyaka, ngokunxulumene§. StVG yindlela yesebe eqokelelweyo, kwaye i-nkqu shorter ixesha kuphela iinyanga ezintathu, kuba njengoko ixesha elide njengoko mthetho ubizwa nomthi esangezelelweyo isaziso kwi kubekho uluntu isikhalazo, ngoko ke ezintandathu. I-Ukunyanzeliswa Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza (§ lomthetho penal ikhowudi) kwenzeka xa kukho ngokusemthethweni imposed esangezelelweyo okanye komlinganiselo ngokunxulumene § Abs.
hayi, ulwaphulo-mthetho ikhowudi akavumelekanga ukuba ekufuneka usetyenzisiwe ngenxa kupheliswa Ixesha.
Preventive detention kwaye ubomi nokuvalelwa akunjalo kuba ixesha-barred.
Ezinye kwemida amathuba zimiselwe libhunga esangezelelweyo imposed.
Ekuqalekeni Ukunyanzeliswa komgaqo - Isemthethweni umkhosi ka-zahlukeneyo isigqibo okanye isihlalo.
Ibango kwi i-administrative umthetho kanjalo ngokulawulwa Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza. Layo kwemida ixesha ufumana amashumi eminyaka emva Incontestability (§ Abs. yolawulo procedure act). Ingaba wanika yi-administrative umthetho ukuba ibango kuba ukuqhubeka iinkonzo, Statute ka-kwezixhobo zokusebenza usebenza Zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. Amabango lwayo oluvela-wonke umthetho izivumelwano bamele kanjalo limited ukuba imithetho zasekuhlaleni umthetho. Amabango loluntu inzuzo iya kuba barred emine emva kokuba kuphele unyaka wekhalenda apho ngabo ezithe (§ SGB mna). Kuba i-ulwandiso, ulwandiso ka-indawo ephelela kuyo, ekuqaleni kwaye ifuthe lomgaqo-kwemida, izibonelelo Zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi uya kusebenza ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § § et i-seq, mutatis mutandis. Amalungelo loluntu i-inshorensi imirhumo kuba ixesha-barred emva kweminyaka emine, zazinjalo withheld, nangona kunjalo, intentionally, -unyaka kwemida xesha. (§ SGB IV) umahluko lwenziwa ngokunxulumene isijamani Irhafu ikhowudi phakathi fixing ixesha kwemida (bona Isihloko phambi icandelo ye-AO) kwaye intlawulo kwemida (§ AO).
