I-sixth Protocol ukuba ukufa esangezelelweyo arhoxiswe
Ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo oluntu ngu bamthwala ngaphandle yi-ezikhethekileyo structures: Ikomiti kuba yamalungelo oluntu wezizwe ezimanyeneyo, European inkundla lobulungisa Kwequmrhu Yurophu
Njengoko eyona mithombo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, apho ukulawula umyalelo wokhuselo ye-izinto ezichaphazela abantu, European convection kwi okukhusela kwalomgaqo-siseko nokukhululeka kwaye amalungelo oluntu, umqulu we-amalungelo oluntu, yokugqibela umthetho kwi intsebenziswano kunye nokhuseleko Aseyurophu.
Ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu enxulumene ne-isixhosa philosophers Uthomas. Waba Iqinisekise ukuba uluntu kwi ezamandulo state of nature waba kwimo zemfazwe bonke ngokuchasene zonke. Kuphela emva kokuhluma yombuso Nethuba e eqhelekileyo ebomini, ukukhusela amalungelo nokuqheleka abemi. I-Englishman wathi ukuba kwi-ubudlelwane phakathi phakathi ezahlukeneyo States zemfazwe, akukho uphando kwaye limiting ngu inevitable, kwaye States zesixeko.
Yamazwe ngamazwe Inkqubo yamalungelo oluntu umyalelo wokhuselo sele kuba ingakumbi urgent kwi-XX century, kuba ophunyezwe ezimbini cruel ihlabathi iimfazwe, intatho-nxaxheba apho wahanjelwa ezininzi Ihlabathi amagunya.
Nje ngeli xesha, kwakukho i-mthetho kwaye inhuman unyango ka-civilians, amabanjwa emfazwe. Emva Yokuqala yehlabathi imfazwe, ngowe, yenze isiseko ye-ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo oluntu. Waseka League Yezizwe wayengowokuqala umbutho we-ngamazwe umphakamo, wenze njengoko injongo yayo kwanokulondolozwa uxolo kwaye ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kwi iplanethi yethu. Nokungabikho unxulumano oluqhubekayo nentsebenziswano ka-amazwe ukuba yathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo Umphathi inkqubo yoqeqesho kwi-Germany, akuvumelekanga kwi-League Yezizwe ukuphuhlisa olugqityiweyo Inkqubo collective yokhuseleko. Oku ukulungiselela isantya bukho ngowe, endaweni yoko, kukho omtsha phakathi koorhulumente ukwakhiwa kwe-UN.
Waba zabo engundoqo umsebenzi yi uphuhliso amanyathelo kuba yokhuselo ye-izinto ezichaphazela i abemi balo lonke ihlabathi.
I-UN wenziwe wanikela njengoko impendulo kwi-yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene nabantu, Nazi Sasejamani yayo, allies kwindawo Yesibini yehlabathi imfazwe.
Kwimeko i-UN umqulu we-amalungelo oluntu, kusithiwa, bamisela yamazwe Ngamazwe ezisisiseko amalungelo catalogue abantu.
Njengoko i-dibanisa umbala ukuba dozens ka-declarations kwaye treaties kwakukho, kunye abo yamazwe ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo oluntu kwi-kunyulo olunoxolo ixesha Uxwebhu unxulumano kunye genocide, ubuzwe-calulo, amalungelo disabled abantu Ubume refugees. Emva kokuba abazali lokuqala uxwebhu udweliswe, waqalisa ixesha apho Ngamazwe isemthethweni okukhusela amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu ngu-hayi ixesha elide kwenzeke affair a single state. I-jikelele Isibhengezo cemented i-kwalomgaqo-siseko amalungelo bonke abemi bethu iplanethi, nokuba lemveli, ngokobuhlanga, ulwimi, inkolo, kwaye ngokwesini. Ithi malunga inadmissibility ka-ubukhoboka, torture, isidima humiliation abantu. Nokuba ke abemi, lowo kufuneka kufumaneka yamazwe ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Inxalenye izibonelelo Umgaqo-siseko ka-lethu faka kwakhona phantse ngokupheleleyo lo Myalezo we-inkcazo-jikelele ngeemfanelo zoluntu. Yamazwe ngamazwe Umnqophiso kwi yezentlalo, yezoqoqosho yenkcubeko amalungelo, imfundo ulawulo ukuba abe free from distress kwaye uloyiko ukuba personality abantu.
Unako ukuze oku kuphela phantsi kweemeko ukuze wonk ubani ithuba, ilungelo umsebenzi, ezolonwabo, elifanelekileyo umvuzo, decent esezantsi ye ophilayo, ukhuseleko lwezentlalo, inkululeko ukusuka Yindlala.
Eli-abaphumeleleyo kunye nezinye States oqingqiweyo
Ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo oluntu, kwimeko ye-Pact kwaye malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza kuba abemi esebenzayo intatho-nxaxheba yenkcubeko ubomi.
Ukongeza kwi-ngasentla amalungelo, ngamazwe Umnqophiso bamele kanjalo nezinye namathuba kukhankanywe: Olu xwebhu inika abemi abo kumazwe apho esayiniweyo oku Treaty, ukuba ikhusele ilizwe labo kwezopolitiko kwaye zasekuhlaleni amalungelo.
Kwi isiseko olu xwebhu, ngamazwe European okukhusela amalungelo Umntu. Ilizwe lethu ingaba i-obligation ukuya esi sivumelwano ngonyaka. Siza qaphela ukuba izigqibo Ikomiti akayi kuba represented njengoko authentic, lakhe i-recommendation yombuso emva buyiselo lwevangeli violated amalungelo. Le Komiti kanjalo unelungelo ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-enjalo umsebenzi kwihlabathi lonke uluntu. Yi Eyongeziweyo ukuba Umnqophiso kwi kwezopolitiko kwaye zasekuhlaleni amalungelo, ezicetywayo i-abolition ngokufa esangezelelweyo. Yamazwe ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo umntu kwaye ummi kwi-European zoluntu kwaye Council of Europe, ngokunjalo ezikhethekileyo uxwebhu ukuba regulates oluntu-amalungelo-Intshukumo - Bamayuda convection kwi okukhusela amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Ngamazwe isemthethweni okukhusela amalungelo oluntu kwimeko olu xwebhu, enxulumene ne-ulungiselelo kwesi Sivumelwano, eziliqela ezongezelelweyo protocols owafumanayo. Omnye wabo ezijolise umyalelo wokhuselo propati, Inkululeko i-unyulo.
Olu xwebhu prohibits i-deprivation wenkululeko, ukuba ubani bonds.
Ilizwe lethu i-Convention bangena ihlala isebenza kuphela kwi. Ngoku nganye carbon blacks, ukholelwa ukuba uya ekubeni wayesohlwaywa unjustly, ngamazwe iindlela kuba okukhusela amalungelo oluntu. Ukuba isigqibo ngu abaxhasayo ye-injured iqela, kule meko, European inkundla lobulungisa ukuba lo Mntu awarded i-imbuyekezo kuba violated amalungelo. Izigqibo le inkundla asingawo zokugqibela, bamele ngokulawulwa ngokusemthethweni bophelela kuba ilungu States, kuquka Saserashiya. I-umbutho kuba ukhuseleko nentsebenziswano Aseyurophu ekukhuseleni amalungelo abemi. Yayakhelwe ngowe Nje ngoko, isiqinisekiso waba phantsi inkomfa kwi ukhuseleko nentsebenziswano Aseyurophu. Ukongeza kwi-ukuthathela ingqalelo le sovereign ukulingana onke amazwe, inviolability yombuso imida, Non-ukusetyenziswa udushe, i-mthetho ubhengeze i-necessity ye-okukhusela nokukhululeka kwaye amalungelo abemi, kuquka inkululeko miyalelo, iingcinga, Beliefs, Inkolo.
Emva kokuba abazali olu xwebhu kwi-Soviet Union kubekho umbutho yokuhamba-hamba Ifomu"amaqela", lanyanzelisa ukuba abasemagunyeni, ngokupheleleyo ukuthobela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Amalungelo oluntu activists machined ekhohlo, - mthetho, kwaye repressions, kodwa zabo umsebenzi sele kukhokelele yokuba i-mandla itshintshe zabo Indawo ngokunxulumene ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Yenza kwinkundla yolwaphulo-wanika ithuba ukuphumelela condemn amagosa aphakamileyo, kweentloko urhulumente, amalungu karhulumente, kwi-sikhokelo yesizwe Umthetho akunakwenzeka. Njengokuba precursor yamazwe Ngamazwe kwinkundla yolwaphulo, ulwaphulo-mthetho tribunals ingaba ithathwe kuba Rwanda kwaye kuba owokuqala Eyugoslavia, inkqubo kwi-Tokyo, Nuremberg Isigqeba ngemfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene Uluntu. Ngomhla we-efanayo iinkqubo, bobubi yombuso-inqanaba, deserved isohlwayo negalelo, kodwa kanjalo kuwe, nangona kunjalo norms ngamazwe humanitarian umthetho. I-iindlela ka-prosecution zemfazwe criminals ehlabathini namhlanje: isibhengezo lobulungisa bonke abahlali nokuba kubo igcine isikhundla saseburhulumenteni.
Amalungelo oluntu, njengoko i-global umngeni ixesha lethu kwaye ukubaluleka le intsebenziswano ye-ezahlukeneyo States.
Emva kokuba isiphelo Yesibini yehlabathi imfazwe, amazwe kuba lunxulumano ukuba kwimeko ukwaphulwa komthetho amalungelo civilian abantu behlabathi, ukwaphulwa komthetho babo imbeko kwaye Isidima, ihlabathi basenokuba ungquzulwano kumacandelo bloody. I-ephambili ihlabathi zoluntu wafuna ukuchaza Ubuncinane amalungelo nenkululeko ukuba wonke umntu kwi-wonke urhulumente sele a ekhuselekileyo bukho. Njengokuba kuthetha ukuba admission ye-inkululeko kwaye amalungelo abaziwayo uphuhliso kwaye umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho ethile wamazwe ngamazwe Conventions, ukuzalisekiswa kwale nto linegunya kuba onke amazwe, voluntarily recognizing zabo kwendlela, ezopolitiko, lezomthetho. Okokuqala ngowe-imbali ubukho be oluntu civilization babedalwe kwaye elicetyiswayo kuba sebenzisa kuzo zonke States kwi yamalungelo oluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko. Uza kuba kulo lonke civilized ihlabathi njengokuba Imigangatho, Imigangatho kuba ekudalweni kwezabo wesizwe amaxwebhu, umzekelo, isiqingatha ye-constitutions kwi amalungelo abemi imiqathango"inkululeko"kwaye"amalungelo"kolu xwebhu asingabo efanayo, nangona kukho zabo semantic proximity. I-maker senziwe Isibhengezo, apho ubhengeze enye Ubuncinane nokukhululeka kwaye amalungelo, ngokusekelwe zabo ukuqonda inqanaba uphuhliso civilization. Siza qaphela ukuba Isibhengezo hayi njengokuba isemthethweni amaxwebhu afunekayo, wena recommend wearing kuba States kwaye abantu behlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, olu xwebhu ngu olukhulu isebenziseke ukubaluleka.
Kwi isiseko Isibhengezo zithe yenzelwe kwaye ngokusemthethweni-bophelela Treaty nge-i-ngamazwe uphawu ngokubhekiselele i-amalungelo abemi. I-specificity ye-ngamazwe treaties kwi kwalomgaqo-siseko amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu iqulathe zabo esebenzayo kwaye fruitful intshukumo kunye wesizwe umthetho. Ngaba zibalulekile kwindawo ethile, umthetho we-amazwe: imithetho, Codes, imigaqo. Ngamazwe okukhusela amalungelo oluntu ngamaxesha oxolo, totality ye-isemthethweni norms, oko kubonisa kwaye yomeleza isivumelwano-indlela i-norms kwi amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Kanjalo, uyilo ngamazwe iindlela assumed kuba Esweni le ukuthobela umyalelo wokhuselo ye-ukwaphulwa komthetho nokukhululeka kwaye amalungelo ummi ngamnye. Kweli lizwe lethu considerable ingqalelo ukuba ngqwalaselo ka-amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu kuchazwe njalo kumgaqo-Siseko ka - Isirashiya. Kwimeko ukwaphulwa komthetho Russians ilungelo ukukhusela yayo umdla kwi-ngamazwe iinkundla lobulungisa.
