I-somthetho uya ebalulekileyo kwi-Kuphumla ye-iphedi ka
A succession ka-physical somthetho, umnikelo ka-oluthile lwempahla yexabiso inzuzo phantsi uza okanye ilifa isivumelwano, ngaphandle isetyenziselwa kunye somthetho Legatee (legatee) njengendawo yelifa lemveliI-legatee acquires propati kulo mbuzo hayi ngqo ne-ukufa - testator. Yena uzuza kuphela ibango ngokuchasene ne-somthetho ka-lingcoliseke ziindlalifa zobukumkani. I-statutory izibonelelo somthetho bamele kufumaneka kwi-isijamani umthetho kwi - § § et i-seq. I-somthetho iqulathe, ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - § ngo- BGB kwi-isibonelelo semali engama-a-mali, oko kuya yi-Itestamente, ngaphandle Beneficiary njengoko i-indlalifa. omnye ngokulawulwa-mba a somthetho unako kuba umnikelo nayiphi na impahla yexabiso, ezifana Unikezelo ubunini ethile izinto, intlawulo a isixa imali okanye ngokumnika Yamalungelo ezifana zokuhlala amalungelo okanye ilungelo usufruct. zimbini, nangona Kunjalo, ithuba hayi kokufumana i-somthetho we-Wayecinga ukuba le endowed impahla Yexabiso ngokwabo (enjalo ebizwa-imali legate hayi) abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye isijamani umthetho. Endaweni yoko, kubalulekile acquired yi-Legatee kuphela contractual ibango kuba unikezelo ye-iyonela kububanzi bephepha, oko kukuthi, ilungelo i-ukwaneliseka le ibango lomthetho kunye somthetho Complained ukuya kufuna (§ ye-BGB). ezintathu Kunye somthetho we-omnye ngubani nicinge ekuzalisekiseni ngokwentando i-testator, ibango le-Legatee ngaphandle estate, indlalifa okanye eziliqela ziindlalifa zobukumkani ngu complaining. Kodwa ke unako kanjalo kuba complained komnye legatee, ngokulandelelanayo, kunye somthetho (ebizwa-phantsi somthetho) (§ BGB). Ngenxa yokuba ukuba somthetho justifies kuphela ibango kufuneka ibe ukususela obligor meets, differs ukususela bequest ivumela, kwimeko ka-ukufa - testator, impahla yexabiso transferred ukuba ziindlalifa zobukumkani okanye uninzi ziindlalifa zobukumkani (ebizwa-jikelele succession). Nge circulation ka-indlalifa okanye legatee ngu obliged ukuba anike inkonzo, ezifana engcwabeni ka-care, okanye nokukhathalelwa Pets emva kokufa kuka - testator. ezine Ethile, kuba somthetho ka-esebenzayo imigaqo zona ngokunxulumene oko kuyasebenza apha (§ BGB). Ukuba ulwandiso a somthetho ukusetyenziswa ezithile amazwi kwi-Itestamente okanye isivumelwano selifa ayikho ezifunekayo. Kwi - §, Isiqendu u-le isijamani zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi uqulathe yokutolika umthetho kwi ukwabiwa nganye nganye izinto kwimeko ukuthandabuza, amalungiselelo a somthetho. I-testator, umzekelo, sele:"Lam hunting rifle, umhlobo wam, kwento yonke ukuze ndibe kunye, mna bequeath ukuba unyana wam,"unyana, indlalifa kwaye legatee. Oku kuthetha ukuba unyana kunye ukufa lo mntu kuyo yonke Impahla enye engages umhlobo wayo, nangona kunjalo, ibango elichasene nonyana, njengoko indlalifa ukuba ukuthenga ka-umnini i gun, kwaye ngomhla surrender efanayo. Enyanisweni, yintando testator rhoqo kuphela ngokusebenzisa yokutolika ergründbar. Kwimeko apho ukuba Wayecinga ayisasebenzi ubomi kwimeko apho Succession, ingayalela ukuba lo mntu ubhubhileyo, septemba somthetho, icandelo ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi. A Nachvermächtnis ukuba I-testator sele imiselwe a vorvermächtnis taker kwaye nachvermächtnis-taker. I-nachvermächtnis i-licensee kufuneka ke nako emva radio ka-isiganeko ye-vorvermächtnis licensee ingaba umxholo ka-mngeni. I-ukuthenga somthetho we-testator ke uya ngu kwi-phantsi ukuba ingaba na inxalenye ilifa. I-somthetho ka-dam amaxabiso kufuneka ke ukuthenga into kunye imali ukususela ilifa kwaye legatee. Nangona kunjalo, § ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, qaphela ukuba, kwi-siseko, bequest alikho igama, ukuba ibhekisa a ilifa belonging kwi-phantsi. A ukuthenga somthetho wanga ke ngoko kuba yamkelwa kuphela ukuba oko lusekiwe ukuba testator babefuna ukuba idilesi mcimbi. I-somthetho (icandelo le- ye-BGB), Kunye somthetho ka-a ziindlalifa zobukumkani ngokwakhe, oko kukuthi, nguye kunye indlalifa kwaye njengokuba legatee. Abe efumana ethile into ukususela impahla ngaphandle credit yakhe share ye-lifa.
Enyanisweni, kuyinto imvelaphi intsingiselo iingxaki, delineate kwangaphambili i-somthetho we-yokwabelana amalungiselelo.
A countervailing umsebenzi ngokuchasene co-ziindlalifa zobukumkani kuba ukwahlulwa amalungiselelo, somthetho. Misunderstandings phakama ingakumbi kwimeko mna-drafted unqwenela, ngenxa unclear kwaye contradictory formulations ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi: somthetho njengokuba umnikelo icacisiwe kwi § ngo-"ngaphandle kwakhe beneficiary njengoko i-indlalifa", ngexesha §, legacies basemazweni idolo ye-ziindlalifa zobukumkani ngu kunokwenzeka, ngoko ke ngaphambi kwexesha legacies. Kwimeko"Lam-Stock holdings, nyana wam ufumana, enye yexabiso wafumana boonyana bam-A no-B omnye Amaqela,"ihlala unclear nokuba testator babefuna ukuba ukuthandwa i-A (ukuqhubela phambili somthetho) okanye kubuyela kuba Portfolio, aimed e (kwangoko-yokwabelana amalungiselelo). Ngokunxulumene meko umthetho, somthetho ngu yithi rhoqo phambi Ukuba ukuzalisekisa unikezelo selifa. zintlanu, enye somthetho, ukuba testator ngokwakhe ukuba umntu wesithathu ka lonke Ilifa kuthetha somthetho, kwaye lwenze cacisa ukuba umthetho ka-Ukuchazwa icandelo ka-zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi musa ukufaka isicelo. Engundoqo inqaku: Enye fideicommissum Kungenxa yokuba i-somthetho a contractual ibango, ngokulawulwa Jikelele imithetho ukunikezelwa. Kwi-Islamic umthetho ezininzi Islamic amazwe, kukho Iziko le-testamentary somthetho.
Oku somthetho kufuneka ingabi zingaphezu omnye-wesithathu ka-impahla yexabiso (emva deduction ka-funeral inkcitho kwaye amatyala), ngaphandle kokuba isemthethweni ziindlalifa zobukumkani, abo ezithile zomgaqo-le ndawo, uyavuma.
Umbuzo nokuba bequests ingaba zomthetho ziindlalifa zobukumkani esivunyelweyo, ndiya ziphengululwe kwi-ezahlukeneyo ezikolweni ka-Islamic umthetho ngokwahlukileyo. Ezininzi Islamic amazwe, bamele kuvunyelwe namhlanje Ngexesha Muslims kwaye non-Muslims asingawo anelungelo lokuba ilifa ngokunxulumene Islamic umthetho ngamnye enye, yi somthetho ka-i-Muslim kwi-idolo ezakwa-Muslims ngempumelelo. ezintandathu Lento iqala incopho kuba umntu izisombululo kwimeko i-unqulo marriages. anesixhenxe ulwandiso a somthetho ngokunxulumene Islamic ukufundisa imigangatho, kwi-siseko, njengoko elicetyiswayo. isibhozo.
