enye ingcamango ka-yomvuzo ngu ngaphezu elo Reciprocity
Ingcamango ka-yomvuzo (nIsininzi"imirhumo") ekuthethwa ngawo isivumelwano wavuma isibali-yokusebenza.
Isivumelwano kuba pecuniary inzala ke, balaseleyo, mutual isivumelwano, indlela yokusebenza isibali-yokusebenza kwi reciprocal budlelwane (Synallagma).
I-bophelela unako kanjalo kuveliswa kwezinye iindlela, umzekelo nge-isivumelwano senkqubo imeko.
zintathu Khangela kanjalo: imali, imali
Colloquially ufumana imali rhoqo ahlawule, yomvuzo, apho waye wavuma phezu kuba ngayo umsebenzi. Colloquially, kodwa kanjalo kuyo ixabiso uluhlu kwaye Jikelele imimiselo nemiqathango (GTC), igama elisetyenziswe kuba imali falsely umtyholwa kuba imirhumo levied kuba abucala iinkonzo (umzekelo:"Bank imirhumo"okanye"ubhaliso imali emiselweyo"), ekusenokwenzeka ukuba amele, kwezinye izihlandlo, ukhuphiswano infringement.
Iinkonzo iya kuba repaid nge isibali-amandla"kwi -"okanye"ihlawulwe", kodwa oku kufuneka yenze nge mali intlawulo ngalo kuqala, nto, nto leyo kutheni rhoqo-idibene unobumba yomvuzo awuchanekanga.
Usekela kamongameli kwelinye icala akuthethi free-tyala free-kwentlawulo.
ezine rhoqo intlawulo, nangona kunjalo, kanye ngendlela yokusebenza kwemali. Kodwa kanjalo exchange (ezifana stamp ngokuchasene stamp) yi imali-ukubhatala isemthethweni ishishini: Yonke injongo ye-Exchange umele ukunika ukuba omnye uza.
I Isiqinisekiso, kwesinye isandla, kwimeko ye-ngokuqhelekileyo imali sele ukuba kuhlawulwa, ayina kwesigqibo, ke ngoko, ngokulinganayo simahla njengoko isipho ngokwalo mthetho isixa imali.
Ibango kuba intlawulo (umzekelo, Egermany § Isiqendu.
zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi ukhankanywe) ngoko musa synonymous kunye"imali imfuneko", ibe kwi-ithe ngqo kunjalo, kanjalo enjalo. Kubalulekile, kodwa, ibango ukuba wathenjiswa njengokuba kwesigqibo kuba yokusebenza. Ke ngoko, repayment ibango le-lender, umzekelo, nkqu nokuba abe ngumqondiso imali ibango, hayi ukwanda inzala ka - § Abs. zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi ezintlanu: kubuyela ayikho intlawulo kuba nokuzinikela ye-mboleko. Ngokunjalo, amabango umonakalo othe lwayo oluvela a wokuqhawula umtshato, contractual izohlwayo kwaye enrichment amabango. ezintandathu ezintshana, kwaye ingakumbi European umthetho influenced utshintsho umthetho ayikho bathobela, ngokwe sigama ngu strictly ezifana (one-sided inkqubo esisinyanzelo) isiqinisekiso ukuba"kuba imali emiselweyo"ngaphakathi intsingiselo § BGB.
ezisixhenxe, Kuxhomekeke uhlobo isivumelwano (omiselwe ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-uhlobo yokusebenza) uthetha, umzekelo, ukususela ahlawule (ngaphandle isivumelwano) endaweni"umsebenzi yomvuzo", nangona kunjalo, nangaphezulu"aqhuba", endaweni"Kukrazulwa"kwi -"kukrazulwa"kwaye ukususela umthetho izibophelelo modernization"kukrazulwa".
Apho ezimbini izithembiso ekubhekiswe kuye njengoko amandla, apho njengokuba kwesigqibo, kwezinye iindlela interchangeable. Ngokubanzi ekubhekiswe kuye njengoko ngayo, nto leyo inika isivumelwano yayo uphawu: umzekelo, ubonelelo ngeenkonzo inkonzo isivumelwano, ukwenza a umsebenzi xa umsebenzi isivumelwano, njalo njalo. Noko ke, kunokwenzeka a yokusebenza kwi-uluvo imigaqo esemthethweni. Kwi-VAT umthetho ingaba ekubhekiswe kuye njengoko yomvuzo, amandla amandla umamkeli ngaphandle i-VAT, apho umthengisi ufumana end i entrepreneur kwi-sikhokelo somgaqo-exchange iinkonzo. Njalo, ingeniso ayikho irhafu imali kunye mimiselo Ixabiso kwaye private umthetho, intlawulo ukuba abe equated (bona, umzekelo, kuba Germany, § Abs.
isivakalisi ababini i-UStG, § Abs.
misela omnye UStG). Ngo inkcazelo, simahla, isemthethweni eyenziweyo ka-umyalelo (umahluko ukuba ihlawulwe-Arhente kwesi sivumelwano), imali-mboleko (kungenjalo enye sithetha kukrazulwa), ukuthengwa kwe-sipho (ngenye indlela) kwaye ngokwenene. kwi-isijamani umthetho, umzekelo, ezichanekileyo, ngokwe sigama ayikho kwenziwa. Nkqu brokerage kwesi sivumelwano yi ngendlela engqongqo evakalayo, simahla: broker ayikho kufuneka kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo - (idla contractually abbedungenen) isemthethweni imigaqo zasekuhlaleni ikhowudi, i-mthetho, iinkonzo ezikhoyo, ke ngoko, akuvumelekanga ixesha kwi-reciprocity budlelwane.
I-BGB ngu wary ye-gratuitous isemthethweni eyenziweyo.
Ngenxa yokuba omnye abo izithembiso a yokusebenza ongayi kufumana kwesigqibo, kuya kufuneka übereiltem i-elokugqibela ye-isivumelwano ezikhuselweyo (cf.
ifomu ye ubonelelo § BGB kuba umnikelo).
Kwesinye isandla, abafanelekileyo, othe wafumana yokusebenza simahla, kukho ngaphantsi umyalelo wokhuselo (cf. § BGB, § Isiqendu. Isiqendu BGB, § BGB).
