omnye bankruptcy umthetho bankruptcy disabled kuthi
Insolvency le Imeko a debtor yakhe intlawulo izibophelelo ngakulo creditors musa kuhlanganaI-bankruptcy ngu characterized nge-i-acute inability ukuhlawula ("illiquidity,"okanye nokungabikho liquidity), okanye threat ka-insolvency ukusuka phezu-Indebtedness kusenokuba derived. Ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ahlawule unako eneneni kuba sifunyenwe, njengoko phezu-Indebtedness njengoko ngenxa kwezoqoqosho ukuhlolwa kokusebenza (ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthobela iyabala imithetho), kubalulekile akusoloko gca.
Uhlobo kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso bankruptcy ilawulwa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-umntu States.
Oku uvavanyo isekho iinyanga ezintandathu
I-imbono we-insolvency iingxoxo ukuze isemthethweni ndlela iselwa ezahlukeneyo, ngexesha engundoqo indawo kwi-Germany, Senegal kwaye Austria vumela kuba satisfaction, okanye ngendlela elinganayo yosasazo ye-ilahleko kwi-creditors, yi indawo kwi-France, kwanokulondolozwa imisebenzi e-United States, debtor a inyama qala. Kwi-Austria kwaye Senegal, sithetha ka-bankruptcy, apho intlanganiso creditors ngu ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo kuba matyala ukwahlulwa impahla a debtor. Kanjalo kwi-Germany de intshayelelo we-insolvency ikhowudi waba Igama elithi bankruptcy iyasetyenziswa. Kwi-kubhekiswa kwi-Italian ixesha (alaphukanga table) ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa ilizwi bankrupt, Egermany i-bankruptcy neenkqubo zomthetho mimiselo yi-mthetho Offense. Ukongeza, ilizwi Bankrupt ufunyenwe kwi-colloquial ulwimi, apho yomelele thabatha connotations. Insolvency kusenokuba ngenxa imibandela eyahluka-hlukeneyo, ekubeni ngokubanzi phakathi yangaphakathi kwaye wangaphandle insolvency wenza ezintathu iya kuba differentiated.
Yangaphakathi wenza ukuquka yonke imisebenzi emanating ngqo kwi iinkampani lichaphazelekayo okanye Umntu kwabo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela insolvency.
Oku kusenokuba, umzekelo, ucwangciso iimpazamo okanye miscalculations. Wangaphandle insolvency isenza, nangona kunjalo, chaza yonke imibandela ukuba umthetho evela ngaphandle. Imizekelo wangaphandle wenza ka-structural kwaye cyclical utshintsho iimeko zemarike, competitive kwiimeko (imisebenzi, iintengiso), kodwa kaninzi ebezingalindelekanga, ingaba Iziganeko. Kwimeko yendalo abantu banako rhoqo hayi kuba ebalulekileyo phakathi wangaphandle yangaphakathi kwaye wenza. Ngokufanayo yenza unobumba yendalo abantu, wokuqhawula umtshato, ukugula, ilahleko ye umsebenzi. Kuba private bankruptcy, kukho ityala abacebisi ngubani onako uncedo iindleko savings ibe kwenzeka ngokuthi izithintelo yangasese ubomi. Kwimeko a ityala lonke ityala lesi isicwangciso, ingeniso, umzekelo, kwimeko inkampani insolvency unako izibhengezo kuba ukwanda nge-amanyathelo okanye specializations. Kwimeko private insolvency, ukuthengisa valuables kwaye non-kuyimfuneko consumer izinto.
Kuphela ngoko insolvency iingxoxo (insolvency umthetho), njengoko kufanelekile, ezibangela ukuba noba kwi inkundla umgaqo-nkqubo okanye kwi-i-ngaphandle-inkundla kwamafama.
I-prerequisite kukuba bankruptcy ilifa ngeefizi kwaye inkcitho we-insolvency umlawuli, ngokunjalo, ubuncinane iifayile, satisfaction le amatyala ye-totality ye Creditors alikafiki yanele. Kuba isemthethweni abantu uziqeshile afanelekileyo imfuneko kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwi-abarhwebayo ikhowudi, apho uchaze ngakumbi precisely xa Bankruptcy kwenzeka - umahluko"waqwalasela"isiganeko we-insolvency a private umntu. Ingakumbi, satisfaction ka-oyedwa creditor phantsi disadvantage kwezinye creditors ngu problematic, ngenxa yokuba lo iziphumo ngumngeni iimeko. I-emva kwexesha filing a bankruptcy zibe ithathwe njengoko a Felony kwaye kukhokelela iingxoxo kuba insolvency.
Kwi-Austria, akukho umahluko phakathi imbuyekezo kwaye bankruptcy, kodwa yinto entsha Austrian insolvency ukusukela ngo.
Kingdom kukho ngokusemthethweni regulated umgaqo-nkqubo ukuze lufana i-isijamani consumer insolvency iingxoxo. zine - e-United States, umahluko lwenziwa phakathi kwaye kungokuzithandela involuntary iingxoxo. Emva kokuba i-kofakwano umthetho komhlaba ngowe, kukho kanjalo umgaqo-nkqubo ukuze lufana i-isijamani consumer insolvency iingxoxo. Ukongeza, phakathi Liquidation (phantsi Isahluko, kunye lonke ulawulo Umntu okanye i-creditor okokuba ingaba zithengiswe kwaye, kwimeko a yendalo Umntu, hayi abbezahlte ityala wavakalisa null kwaye boolean,"alahlwayo") kwaye reorganization (xa debtor ufuna, kwisithuba seminyaka kwiminyaka emi- ezayo phantsi umyalelo wokhuselo wenkundla, onke amatyala ukuhlawula ngaphandle). Liquidation ingaba umgaqo-nkqubo, nto leyo kubhekisa ezininzi Americans colloquially njengoko bankruptcy, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba le wakhethwa ukuba reorganization ngenxa simplicity, kwaye ngenxa yokuba Umntu kufuneka ngenene bankrupt (bona ukuvavanywa ngezantsi). zintlanu ezintandathu Kuba yendalo abantu kusenokuba bamthwala ngaphandle yi-U.
Trustee phantsi Isahluko se - zisixhenxe,"kuthetha uvavanyo", ukuba amatyala ingaba ngaphezulu kwe - avareji yonyaka ingeniso kuba likhaya lakho afanayo ubungakanani kwi-imeko apho Umntu ebomini bethu.
Ngaphandle koku uvavanyo, i-nkqubo igqityiwe idla kwiintsuku ezine ukuya zidlulileyo. Udinga nje kubonakala kanye kwi-kwinkundla a proceeding pursuant le-"intlanganiso yokuqala creditors"akukho believer kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye uza kuphela kwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe yi-U.S. Trustee phantsi kwesifungo. anesixhenxe isibhozo I data kwi bankruptcy ebolekiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwenziwa ngomhla we-le ngcaciso kwi-bankruptcy iinkundla, kwi-Germany, ngokunxulumene data kwi Federal Izitatistiki-ofisi, iyonke kwi. Ngakumbi inxalenye esibizwa kwiphondo zichazwe kuba yi-personal bankruptcies (.), kwaye ukuba uninzi consumer bankruptcies (.). Inani ishishini bankruptcies, kuquka amashishini amancinci, amounted. isithoba ishumi elinanye, inani corporate insolvencies ufikelele.
elona nani liphantsi ixabiso ukusukela ngowe, xa oko.
iimeko babezinikele.
Kanjalo kwimeko consumer insolvencies a landula ka, kwakukho. iimeko, kwaye elona nani liphantsi ixabiso ukusukela ngo. corporate insolvencies kwi-ixesha ukususela kweyomqungu ukuya ngo-oktobha baba ezichaphazelekayo yi-zilandelayo ezintandathu loqoqosho kwimimandla.
