A ukuthelekisa intlungu ngu irrelevant ukuba infliction
I-personal injury ingaba kokuphazamiseka ne-physical ingqiqo yomntu ukwimo yesitalato ill-unyango okanye wokubandezeleka lezempiloomnye na zonyango unyango kuba ixabiso ngeenjongo, ngenye indlela kwi-nomonde ke umzimba penetrated, dominant uluvo lwam, personal injury ayiyi kuphela mthethweni, xa usenza (nkqu implicitly) wavumela, okanye umthetho kwimo kaxakeka ikhona. u-A ku-mandla kunye nemibutho kunye nokhuseleko imisebenzi (BOS), ubuzwe uqhelaniso ngu KV. Kwi-isijamani wolwaphulo-mthetho, bodily injury ilawulwa yi-icandelo le- le- (offences ngokuchasene yesitalato ingqiqo), ngokunjalo icandelo le- (offences kwi-ofisi), ulwaphulo-mthetho wokuziphatha. Kwi-Wake Omkhulu komhlaba we-mthetho ikhowudi baba senziwa utshintsho i-Sixth umthetho ukuba Komhlaba wolwaphulo-mthetho isiqulatho kunye ukufaka amanani. Ngubani phantsi omnye Umntu ukuba udlakathiso ngokwasemzimbeni okanye impilo umonakalo, iya kuba wayesohlwaywa kunye nokuvalelwa phezulu ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye nge olukhawulezileyo lwemali, ukudliwa imali. Kwi-i-eyona njongo icala, bonke offences, apho musa thintela yesitalato ingqiqo yomntu (injury ukuba izilwanyana) kufuna i-physical ill-unyango okanye wokubandezeleka lezempilo. Udlakathiso ngokwasemzimbeni na foul, ezingafanelekanga unyango, apho awukuchaphazeli yesitalato kakuhle-ntle, okanye yesitalato nasengqondweni le encinci. zintathu kwimeko ye-physical kakuhle-ntle yombuso kukuthi phambi kokuba Umthetho i-Mthetho kuthelekiswa. Kwimeko ngu bangaphaya phambi, emva koko i-physical kakuhle-ntle kusenokuba ezichaphazelekayo. ezine Psychological-mpixwano, nangona kunjalo, inokusetyenziswa kuphela udlakathiso ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye ukuba yesitalato wellbeing ngu considerably impaired. zintlanu, I-physical ingqiqo ngu ezichaphazelekayo, ukuba kukho Izinto utyeshelo lomgaqo, weza a ilahleko ye izinto, reduction kwi-bodily imisebenzi okanye i-physical blemish. ezintandathu Njengoko injury ukuba impilo oko kukuthi sizathu okanye Yandisa a pathological ukususela eqhelekileyo ukusebenza kakuhle bomzimba ke ezahlukeneyo imeko, nokuba kunganjalo ezifunayo. ye - zisixhenxe iintlungu zabo victim ikholisa pathological imeko, kodwa, kwi ephikisana, umqondiso ka-eqhelekileyo ukusebenza umzimba. nesibhozo ufumana Kanjalo Ukusika ngaphandle iinwele meets i-offense ka-assault kwi-bulgarian ye-udlakathiso ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ukhathalelo kuxakekwe ngonyango ngenxa bayakwazi ukuya kuhlangana ngokunxulumene isijamani Federal inkundla lobulungisa ye-ukona ka-assault.
elinesithandathu Kanjalo umgaqo-nkqubo ukuba wenziwe ukuba lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-imithetho zonyango unguye, kwaye ngempumelelo, kuzaliseke injongo impawu ka - § ye-mthetho wokuziphatha.
elinesixhenxe akuvumelekanga ngokwaneleyo, ke ngoko, ukuba kagqirha kunye ezilungileyo intentions. Endaweni yoko, ukhathalelo la manyathelo okungenelela ngu-ilungelelaniswe, kodwa idla ngokuthi imvume. Ngoko ke, ngaba kufuneka bazise phambi na la manyathelo okungenelela i-nomonde ke obligation pursuant, nayiphi na imathiriyeli defects kwi-Consenting Ifuna ukunqanda. ishumi elinesibhozo ukunqanda umngcipheko, ulwaphulo-mthetho eyimali, ixwebhu kuba internetname ye-nomonde wakhe, imvume phambi kokuba lo Msebenzi ngendlela Isibhengezo ka-kwemvume. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kanjalo iimeko apho imvume ye-nomonde phambi Msebenzi kusenokuba wazuza (umz, kaxakeka kwiimeko, unconscious kunokwenzeka ingozi victims). Apha, kubalulekile assumed kwi-umthetho ka-presumed imvume. Ukuba distinguish i-hypothetical imvume.
Inkqubo esemthethweni peculiarity ye-bodily injury kunye imvume ye - § ye-penal ikhowudi, bona ngezantsi.
Oku imboniselo kwetyala mthetho criticized nge Iindawo uluncwadi, kwaye asserted ukuba, xa medically kubonisiwe, unguye ihlole therapeutic amanyathelo okungenelela kwimeko apho § ye-penal ikhowudi akazange uzalisekisiwe, apho kanye iimeko ingaba controversial. abalithoba ishumi engundoqo isiphumezi-miyalelo le Uluncwadi imboniselo kukuba a therapeutic la manyathelo okungenelela kusenokuba ngokwelizwi lakhe intsingiselo, akukho"kakubi"okanye"injury ukuba impilo"kwaye kugqirha kukuba ngenye indlela kumaqhosha iqonga a knife-spear. amashumi amabini, nangona Kunjalo, ukuba inxalenye incapacitation ye-nomonde izakuba threatened ukuba zonyango hayi kuba igqunywe amanyathelo okungenelela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, hayi iinyaniso.
Le meko kukuba ezahluka-hlukileyo kunye chronic intlungu
Ukhathalelo imfundo iingxoxo izakuba unnecessary ukusuka yolwaphulo-mthetho ka-incopho imboniselo, (yena), kwaye basenokuba wamanzi acociweyo, phantsi ezithile iimeko, nkqu ngokuchasene nomonde ke uya kunye impunity. Ke ngoko,"imvume isisombululo ka-Sagittarius"kwetyala mthetho, unelungelo mna-determination ye-nomonde ngakumbi ngempumelelo. amashumi amabini uwaphinda-omnye perpetrator kufuneka ube acted intentionally (njengoko endaweni negligent bodily injury). Injongo ibhekisa Ulwazi kwaye Ufuna ka-ugqibo ngoko ke apha ke yesitalato ill-unyango okanye wokubandezeleka lezempilo. Kwi-sikhokelo somgaqo-mzimba kwi-ukwaphulwa komthetho-buchule kanjalo olukhankanywe ngokukodwa njengoko injongo ukubangela bodily injury. amashumi amabini ezikhethekileyo msebenzi zenza umahluko phakathi locwangciso ukubangela bodily injury, kwaye killing locwangciso kwimeko - injury okanye ukufa yimeko isiphumo. Kwi - § StGB regulated hazardous injury kubalulekile a qualification ye-injury. Kwimeko ethile iintlobo assault ukuba ichaziwe yi-ngakumbi imisebenzi ethile, ukuchongeka i-esangezelelweyo significantly, ngenxa yokuba ezi benze kufuneka ibe highly hazardous. Ezinobungozi injury yi tort, Esemthethweni. Kwimeko lwesiqu injury tort ka-ezinzima bodily injury (§ StGB) kwi-isijamani wolwaphulo-mthetho a qualification, ulwaphulo-mthetho-ukujija constituent iziqalelo ze eyandisiweyo msitho, iinyaniso ezisisiseko ye Bodily Injury (§ StGB). amashumi amathathu kwi Icandelo akhethekileyo yinxalenye isijamani, ulwaphulo-mthetho ikhowudi (offences ngokuchasene yesitalato ingqiqo). Inyaniso yeyokuba tort a Esemthethweni, oko kuthetha ukuba ezi ex-officio kwaye akukho mthetho isikhalazo (inqaku ye-mthetho ikhowudi) kodwa kufuneka njengoko kunjalo kwi-ilula kwaye negligent bodily injury ityala.
amabini anesine Ezahlukeneyo njengoko kwimeko - ezinobungozi bodily kwenzakala (§ StGB), apho ezijolise a ingakumbi ezinobungozi ukuba uqeshiwe kwi-Committing i-deed, amashumi amabini anesihlanu ye-ukona ka-buhlungu bodily injury kwimeko ethile zoko, apho ichaziwe yi-ethile, ngakumbi iimpawu ekugqibeleni, threat ka-isohlwayo ukuchongeka significantly, ngenxa yokuba zoko ye-ukona ukuba icalulwe njengoko ingakumbi nzima.
amashumi amabini anesithandathu, ke Ngoko, ezinzima ngenxa ngolu hlobo, ngokunjalo njengoko injury oko kukhokelele ekufeni (§ StGB), umthetho ka-bodily injury, kodwa injury impumelelo. amashumi amabini anesixhenxe I-perpetrator yintsholongwane i-bodily injury (§§ ukuba) ukufa i-injured Umntu, ukudliwa imali iya kuba nokuvalelwa ka-ingabi ngaphantsi iminyaka emithathu.
ngaphantsi iimeko ezinzima ukuba nokuvalelwa ukusuka kwesinye ngonyaka ukuya kwi-iminyaka elishumi.
Njengoko kunye zonke impumelelo lwezakhono (ngaphandle kuba § ka- Abs.
penal ikhowudi) kufuneka baqonde kwi-ukufa impumelelo, umngcipheko ukuba ezisisiseko tortious Umthetho"kwi-ethile iindlela"waba clinging. I-immediacy ka-udibaniso, njengoko kwi-Rützel meko ifuna, wadlalwa ngokulinganayo yi-Federal inkundla. I-personal injury oko kukhokelele ekufeni, ukuba perpetrator sele intended i-injury, kodwa victim akazange ufuna ukubulala. A killing locwangciso, ke manslaughter okanye babulale, ngenxa manslaughter nokubulala ingaba ngakumbi ethile iinyaniso. Nomthi ukubulala okanye i-ukwaphulwa komthetho-buchule waba, ibe manslaughter (ngaphandle explicit umzekelo-icatshulwe kwi-mthetho, kuphela intentional izenzo ulwaphulo-mthetho ukona § StGB). Isigqibo, kunye apho locwangciso - perpetrator sele acted, kufuneka iimeko, inkundla emva kwesigqibo le meko. A negligently-wenza bodily injury, punishable phantsi kwecandelo lama- ye-mthetho wokuziphatha, imiqathango okanye nokuvalelwa zibe imposed kutsho kwi-iminyaka emithathu. I-negligent injury, ngaphandle kwimeko ethile karhulumente inzala, isicelo kwi-tort (§ ye-penal ikhowudi). Kwi - § StGB kwaye njalo ngaphakathi indawo breaches kwi-elinolwazi imisebenzi wanikela ezinye qualification iinyaniso, apho yandisa esangezelelweyo kuba kunjalo ifumanise ukuba offender yi-wonke igosa: A-wonke igosa ngubani benze ngexesha nokusebenzisa Ubufundisi bakhe okanye ubudlelwane bakhe inkonzo umzimba injury, okanye ukuba benze, kunye nokuvalelwa ukususela kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu kwaye fined. Kwi-ngaphantsi iimeko ezinzima, ukudliwa imali yi custodial isivakalisi na ukudlula emihlanu okanye olukhawulezileyo lwemali, ukudliwa imali. A negligent personal injury ngu kunokwenzeka apha. Zolwaphulo mthetho isikhalazo gem Icandelo le- ye-mthetho ikhowudi ayikho ezifunekayo ukuze kuba bodily injury yintsholongwane ukungakhathali yi tort kwi-ofisi a Esemthethweni. (Oku kwaba reportedly na injongo, nangona kunjalo, bophelela kwaye kanjalo practiced ngoko.) Isiqendu ezintathu yenzekile ngoaprili.
Assault kwi-ofisi kanjalo ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo isemthethweni ukuqhubela ka-unlawfully isetyenziswe amapolisa udushe.
Intatho-nxaxheba i-athletic Ukhuphiswano ngokunxulumene Jikelele isemthethweni uluvo lwam, imvume kwi-kuba Ukhuphiswano lwe lohlobo iingozi kuba umzimba (Valenti non fit iniuria).
Violations, engelilo kuba epheleleyo umthetho. Kwi iimeko ukona ephakathi kwaye mthethweni bodily injury uhlobo ukhuphiswano kwaye formative yesitalato kwaye psychological ingaba kuthathelwe ingqalelo extreme kwiimeko. amashumi amabini anesibhozo-amaxesha amaninzi ulungelelaniso ka mna-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo, imeko kaxakeka kwaye imvume bathethe. Kwimeko yowiso-mthetho okanye naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ye Imvume kwi ngingqi ka-personal injury necandelo lama- ye-mthetho wokuziphatha i-Zichaziwe lungiselelo. Imvume ye-victim ngu irrelevant ukuba umthetho akusebenzi ekuvunyelwene ngawo okulungileyo morals. Kangangokuba, akunakho kusebenzisa ngu limited. Controversial njengoko ingcamango ka-mnqophiso uya itolikwa. Kubalulekile represented apha ukwenza, ubuncinane, iindleko ezinokufumaneka ye-offender, akukho moralizing uhlalutyo, kodwa ebolekiweyo ngokubhekiselele yayikukwenza kwi-iqondo i-eziyingozi okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho ilungelo izinto, umzimba kwaye ubomi. I-Federal inkundla iye kwi isihlalo ka Meyi (ubhekiso u-Str.), kugqitywe amabini anesithoba, ulwaphulo-mthetho eyimali luqala oludlulileyo, xa bazibona objectively, ithe ngqo ingozi ukufa. I-Supreme inkundla kufuneka hayi, nangona kunjalo, strictly oku isemthethweni inzala esekelwe indlela yabela.
I-opposing imboniselo, waphendula kwi-affirmative a ukwaphulwa komthetho okulungileyo manners, ukuba mthetho ubizwa ephikisana uluvo decency bonke elifanelekileyo kwaye amanyathelo afanelekileyo Ukucinga.
Lo mnqophiso ka-imvume akusebenzi contradict kulo naliphi na ityala kwi-ukhathalelo kuxakekwe ngonyango ngenxa (ngaphandle kokuba njengenxalenye ukufundisa ka-iinyaniso kwetyala ngu-yaliwe).
Kwimeko ethile ngesondo ukuba ezifana BDSM, kukho umehluko ka-uluvo lwakhe malunga ukuchazwa igama elithi"okulungileyo morals", ithe ngqo ingozi ubomi ayikho na ityala lungelelanisa.
Imvume kuba athletic competitions ayikho ephikisana okulungileyo morals, awathi, nangona kunjalo, waba isebe lemicimbi yenkcubeko nemidlalo ye Boxing kwixesha elidlulileyo, controversial. Kwimeko consents, njengoko zinjalo encwadini kwaye Wefilim Balwe Club kuchaziwe, yi breach elungileyo manners mhlawumbi.
